lshw linux_Linux lshw命令–获取Linux硬件信息-白红宇

lshw linux_Linux lshw命令–获取Linux硬件信息

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发布时间：2019-05-11

本文共 16871 字，大约阅读时间需要 56 分钟。

lshw linux

Linux lshw command lists all the hardware configuration of the system.

Linux lshw命令列出了系统的所有硬件配置。

Some of the common information we can extract from the lshw command are:

我们可以从lshw命令提取的一些常见信息是：

RAM Memory information
RAM内存信息

CPU configurations
CPU配置

Motherboard information
主板信息

Harddisk information
硬盘信息

Network devices information
网络设备信息

Linux lshw命令功能 (Linux lshw Command Features)

Ability to produce the output in various formats such as XML, JSON, and HTML.
能够产生各种格式的输出，例如XML，JSON和HTML。

We can dump the output to a file easily using the redirection operator.
我们可以使用重定向运算符轻松地将输出转储到文件中。

The default output contains a lot of information, we can get specific hardware information using various options.
默认输出包含很多信息，我们可以使用各种选项来获取特定的硬件信息。

Supports GUI too, useful for Desktop environments only. Most of the time, we run these commands on a Linux server where we don’t have GUI software.
也支持GUI，仅对桌面环境有用。大多数时候，我们在没有GUI软件的Linux服务器上运行这些命令。

lshw命令限制 (lshw command limitations)

It doesn’t detect Firewire devices as of now.
到目前为止，它还没有检测到Firewire设备。

It must be run as a superuser, either root or with , to get the correct hardware details.
它必须以超级用户身份（以root或身份）运行，以获取正确的硬件详细信息。

I found that -dump option to save the output in a file is not working.
我发现-dump选项无法将输出保存到文件中。

Linux硬件信息示例 (Linux Hardware Information Examples)

Let’s look at some examples to get the linux hardware information using the lshw command.

让我们看一些使用lshw命令获取linux硬件信息的示例。

1.获取完整的Linux硬件信息 (1. Getting Complete Linux Hardware Information)

root@localhost:~# sudo lshwlocalhost                       description: Computer    product: Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)    vendor: QEMU    version: pc-q35-3.1    width: 64 bits    capabilities: smbios-2.8 dmi-2.8 vsyscall32    configuration: boot=normal  *-core       description: Motherboard       physical id: 0     *-firmware          description: BIOS          vendor: SeaBIOS          physical id: 0          version: rel-1.12.0-0-ga698c8995f-prebuilt.qemu.org          date: 04/01/2014          size: 96KiB     *-cpu          description: CPU          product: AMD EPYC 7501 32-Core Processor          vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]          physical id: 400          bus info: cpu@0          version: pc-q35-3.1          slot: CPU 0          size: 2GHz          capacity: 2GHz          width: 64 bits          capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 rep_good nopl cpuid extd_apicid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw perfctr_core ssbd ibpb vmmcall fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 rdseed adx smap clflushopt sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 virt_ssbd arat          configuration: cores=1 enabledcores=1 threads=1     *-memory          description: System Memory          physical id: 1000          size: 2GiB          capacity: 2GiB          capabilities: ecc          configuration: errordetection=multi-bit-ecc        *-bank             description: DIMM RAM             vendor: QEMU             physical id: 0             slot: DIMM 0             size: 2GiB     *-pci          description: Host bridge          product: 82G33/G31/P35/P31 Express DRAM Controller          vendor: Intel Corporation          physical id: 100          bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0          version: 00          width: 32 bits          clock: 33MHz        *-display UNCLAIMED             description: VGA compatible controller             physical id: 1             bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0             version: 02             width: 32 bits             clock: 33MHz             capabilities: vga_controller             configuration: latency=0             resources: memory:fd000000-fdffffff memory:febd0000-febd0fff memory:c0000-dffff        *-scsi:0             description: SCSI storage controller             product: Virtio SCSI             vendor: Red Hat, Inc.             physical id: 2             bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0             version: 00             width: 64 bits             clock: 33MHz             capabilities: scsi msix bus_master cap_list             configuration: driver=virtio-pci latency=0             resources: irq:22 ioport:c000(size=64) memory:febd1000-febd1fff memory:fe000000-fe003fff           *-virtio0 UNCLAIMED                description: Virtual I/O device                physical id: 0                bus info: virtio@0                configuration: driver=virtio_scsi        *-scsi:1             description: SCSI storage controller             product: Virtio SCSI             vendor: Red Hat, Inc.             physical id: 3             bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0             version: 00             width: 64 bits             clock: 33MHz             capabilities: scsi msix bus_master cap_list             configuration: driver=virtio-pci latency=0             resources: irq:23 ioport:c040(size=64) memory:febd2000-febd2fff memory:fe004000-fe007fff           *-virtio1 UNCLAIMED                description: Virtual I/O device                physical id: 0                bus info: virtio@1                configuration: driver=virtio_scsi        *-network             description: Ethernet controller             product: Virtio network device             vendor: Red Hat, Inc.             physical id: 4             bus info: pci@0000:00:04.0             version: 00             width: 64 bits             clock: 33MHz             capabilities: msix bus_master cap_list rom             configuration: driver=virtio-pci latency=0             resources: irq:20 ioport:c0c0(size=32) memory:febd3000-febd3fff memory:fe008000-fe00bfff memory:feb80000-febbffff           *-virtio2                description: Ethernet interface                physical id: 0                bus info: virtio@2                logical name: eth0                serial: f2:3c:92:d4:76:9e                capabilities: ethernet physical                configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=virtio_net driverversion=1.0.0 ip=45.79.122.188 link=yes multicast=yes        *-isa             description: ISA bridge             product: 82801IB (ICH9) LPC Interface Controller             vendor: Intel Corporation             physical id: 1f             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0             version: 02             width: 32 bits             clock: 33MHz             capabilities: isa             configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0             resources: irq:0        *-storage             description: SATA controller             product: 82801IR/IO/IH (ICH9R/DO/DH) 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode]             vendor: Intel Corporation             physical id: 1f.2             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2             version: 02             width: 32 bits             clock: 33MHz             capabilities: storage msi ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list             configuration: driver=ahci latency=0             resources: irq:31 ioport:c0e0(size=32) memory:febd4000-febd4fff        *-serial UNCLAIMED             description: SMBus             product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller             vendor: Intel Corporation             physical id: 1f.3             bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3             version: 02             width: 32 bits             clock: 33MHz             configuration: latency=0             resources: ioport:700(size=64)     *-scsi:0          physical id: 1          logical name: scsi0        *-disk             description: EXT4 volume             product: QEMU HARDDISK             vendor: Linux             physical id: 0.0.0             bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0             logical name: /dev/sda             logical name: /             version: 1.0             serial: ccf427b1-b94a-4237-b067-d9e9fc34756f             size: 49GiB             capabilities: 5400rpm journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized             configuration: ansiversion=5 created=2020-02-19 14:27:58 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ logicalsectorsize=512 modified=2020-04-28 08:10:42 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2020-04-28 08:10:43 sectorsize=512 state=mounted     *-scsi:1          physical id: 2          logical name: scsi1        *-disk             description: Linux swap volume             product: QEMU HARDDISK             vendor: QEMU             physical id: 0.1.2             bus info: scsi@1:0.1.2             logical name: /dev/sdb             version: 1             serial: 179fdb40-6f5a-4973-99fd-2c0dfee57907             size: 512MiB             capacity: 512MiB             capabilities: 5400rpm swap initialized             configuration: ansiversion=5 filesystem=swap logicalsectorsize=512 pagesize=4096 sectorsize=512root@localhost:~#

As you can see that it’s a lot of information, if you want quick hardware information, then run it with -short option.

如您所见，其中包含很多信息，如果您需要快速的硬件信息，请使用-short选项运行它。

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -shortH/W path     Device    Class      Description=============================================                       system     Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)/0                     bus        Motherboard/0/0                   memory     96KiB BIOS/0/400                 processor  AMD EPYC 7501 32-Core Processor/0/1000                memory     2GiB System Memory/0/1000/0              memory     2GiB DIMM RAM/0/100                 bridge     82G33/G31/P35/P31 Express DRAM Controller/0/100/1               display    VGA compatible controller/0/100/2               storage    Virtio SCSI/0/100/2/0             generic    Virtual I/O device/0/100/3               storage    Virtio SCSI/0/100/3/0             generic    Virtual I/O device/0/100/4               network    Virtio network device/0/100/4/0   eth0      network    Ethernet interface/0/100/1f              bridge     82801IB (ICH9) LPC Interface Controller/0/100/1f.2            storage    82801IR/IO/IH (ICH9R/DO/DH) 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode]/0/100/1f.3            bus        82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller/0/1         scsi0     storage    /0/1/0.0.0   /dev/sda  volume     49GiB QEMU HARDDISK/0/2         scsi1     storage    /0/2/0.1.2   /dev/sdb  volume     512MiB QEMU HARDDISKroot@localhost:~#

2.获取Linux CPU信息 (2. Getting Linux CPU Information)

We can run lshw -C class_name to get the specific hardware class information. Let’s see how to get the CPU information.

我们可以运行lshw -C class_name来获取特定的硬件类信息。让我们看看如何获取CPU信息。

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C cpu  *-cpu                            description: CPU       product: AMD EPYC 7501 32-Core Processor       vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]       physical id: 400       bus info: cpu@0       version: pc-q35-3.1       slot: CPU 0       size: 2GHz       capacity: 2GHz       width: 64 bits       capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 rep_good nopl cpuid extd_apicid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw perfctr_core ssbd ibpb vmmcall fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 rdseed adx smap clflushopt sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 virt_ssbd arat       configuration: cores=1 enabledcores=1 threads=1root@localhost:~#

If you have multiple CPUs, then the command will provide information of all the CPUs.

如果您有多个CPU，则该命令将提供所有CPU的信息。

The lshw -C processor command will also print the CPU information.

lshw -C processor命令还将打印CPU信息。

If you are not sure of the Class name, then look at it in the lshw short output.

如果不确定类名，请在lshw short输出中查看它。

3.获取Linux内存信息 (3. Getting Linux Memory Information)

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C memory  *-firmware                       description: BIOS       vendor: SeaBIOS       physical id: 0       version: rel-1.12.0-0-ga698c8995f-prebuilt.qemu.org       date: 04/01/2014       size: 96KiB  *-memory       description: System Memory       physical id: 1000       size: 2GiB       capacity: 2GiB       capabilities: ecc       configuration: errordetection=multi-bit-ecc     *-bank          description: DIMM RAM          vendor: QEMU          physical id: 0          slot: DIMM 0          size: 2GiBroot@localhost:~#

4.获取Linux硬盘信息 (4. Getting Linux Harddisk Information)

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C storage

5.获取Linux主板信息 (5. Getting Linux Motherboard Information)

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C bus  *-core                           description: Motherboard       physical id: 0  *-serial UNCLAIMED       description: SMBus       product: 82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller       vendor: Intel Corporation       physical id: 1f.3       bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3       version: 02       width: 32 bits       clock: 33MHz       configuration: latency=0       resources: ioport:700(size=64)root@localhost:~#

6.获取Linux网络接口信息 (6. Getting Linux Network Interfaces Information)

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C network  *-network                        description: Ethernet controller       product: Virtio network device       vendor: Red Hat, Inc.       physical id: 4       bus info: pci@0000:00:04.0       version: 00       width: 64 bits       clock: 33MHz       capabilities: msix bus_master cap_list rom       configuration: driver=virtio-pci latency=0       resources: irq:20 ioport:c0c0(size=32) memory:febd3000-febd3fff memory:fe008000-fe00bfff memory:feb80000-febbffff     *-virtio2          description: Ethernet interface          physical id: 0          bus info: virtio@2          logical name: eth0          serial: f2:3c:92:d4:76:9e          capabilities: ethernet physical          configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=virtio_net driverversion=1.0.0 ip=45.79.122.188 link=yes multicast=yesroot@localhost:~#

7. HTML，XML和JSON格式的Linux硬件信息 (7. Linux Hardware Information in HTML, XML, and JSON Formats )

The default output of lshw command is in plain text. We can get the output in HTML, XML, and JSON formats by specifying corresponding options.

lshw命令的默认输出为纯文本。通过指定相应的选项，我们可以获得HTML，XML和JSON格式的输出。

XML:

XML：

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C bus -xml
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
       Motherboard
         
      
       0
        
         
       
        SMBus
          
       
        82801I (ICH9 Family) SMBus Controller
          
       
        Intel Corporation
          
       
        1f.3
          
       
        pci@0000:00:1f.3
          
       
        02
          
       
        32
          
       
        33000000
          
           
           
          
           
           
         
        
     
    root@localhost:~#

JSON:

JSON：

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C memory -json          {                     "id" : "firmware",    "class" : "memory",    "claimed" : true,    "description" : "BIOS",    "vendor" : "SeaBIOS",    "physid" : "0",    "version" : "rel-1.12.0-0-ga698c8995f-prebuilt.qemu.org",    "date" : "04/01/2014",    "units" : "bytes",    "size" : 98304  },            {    "id" : "memory",    "class" : "memory",    "claimed" : true,    "handle" : "DMI:1000",    "description" : "System Memory",    "physid" : "1000",    "units" : "bytes",    "size" : 2147483648,    "capacity" : 2147483648,    "configuration" : {      "errordetection" : "multi-bit-ecc"    },    "capabilities" : {      "ecc" : "Multi-bit error-correcting code (ECC)"    },    "children" : [      {        "id" : "bank",        "class" : "memory",        "claimed" : true,        "handle" : "DMI:1100",        "description" : "DIMM RAM",        "vendor" : "QEMU",        "physid" : "0",        "slot" : "DIMM 0",        "units" : "bytes",        "size" : 2147483648      }    ]  },                                                                                          root@localhost:~#

HTML:

HTML：

root@localhost:~# sudo lshw -C memory -html

8.将Linux硬件信息保存到文件中 (8. Saving Linux Hardware Information to a File)

I tried to use the -dump option with the lshw command but it didn’t worked for me. But, we can always use the redirection operator (>) to save it into a new file.

我尝试将-dump选项与lshw命令一起使用，但对我而言不起作用。但是，我们始终可以使用重定向运算符（>）将其保存到新文件中。

# sudo lshw -html > hardware_info.html

Linux Hardware Information Lshw Html File — Linux Hardware Information – lshw Html File

结论 (Conclusion)

Linux lshw command is a simple tool to get the complete hardware information. The various options to get the specific hardware information and in multiple formats such as HTML and JSON is very useful in sharing the details with others also.

Linux lshw命令是获取完整硬件信息的简单工具。获取特定硬件信息以及多种格式（例如HTML和JSON）的各种选项对于与其他人共享详细信息也非常有用。

Reference:

参考：